• The importance of critical thinking and its application in everyday life • Six key question categories: Who, What, Where, When, Why, How • Meaning and usage of 8 modified detailed questions for each category • Improve problem solving and decision making skills through critical thinking We are faced with a lot of information and situations every day. In this complex world, critical thinking skills are essential to make good judgments and effective decisions. Critical thinking is not simply accepting the information given, but the ability to analyze it deeply and look at it from various perspectives. Six Key Questions for Critical Thinking The 48 questions for critical thinking can be broadly divided into six categories: who, what, where, when, why, and how. These questions allow us to look at the problem or situation we are facing from various angles. Who questions help you identify the people involved in a situation. For example: Who is the most vulnerable in this situation? Whose opinion should be given the most weight? Who are the experts needed to solve this problem? Whose perspective is being left out? What questions are important in identifying the nature of the problem and the key issues. For example: What is the root cause of this problem? What more data do you need? What are the most urgent challenges? What are we overlooking in this situation? Where questions help us understand the spatial context of the problem. For example: Where is this problem most severe? Where can I get additional resources? Where can we first pilot this solution? Where have similar problems been successfully solved? When- related questions require consideration of temporal context. For example: When does this problem become most severe?

Surprise snack Surprise your team with breakfast, lunch, or snacks every now and then. This is a great way to recognize and thank your team for their hard work. Personalized Award Create fun, personalized awards that recognize your team members’ unique contributions or qualities. These can be humorous or serious, reflecting your team’s culture. Study Support Fund Offer your team members a stipend to spend on courses, books, or conferences of their choice. This sends a message that you value personal and professional development. Additional vacation time Give your high-performing employees extra paid time off. This could be a full day, a half day, or even the ability to leave work a few hours early on Fridays. Office Improvement Consider improving your office environment by incorporating employee suggestions, such as new furniture, a better coffee machine, or a standing desk. This shows that you are listening to your employees’ needs. Employee Compliments Board Create a physical or digital “acknowledgement board” where team members can publicly recognize each other’s efforts and accomplishments. A day where you can work anywhere Allow your employees to work from wherever they want for a few days. This will be especially appreciated by employees who enjoy new environments. Custom corporate supplies Give out custom company items like branded apparel, accessories, or gadgets that your employees would actually use. Creating a Mentoring Program Connect your team members with mentors within your organization to help them grow professionally and feel more connected to the company. Family involvement

• Whale Focus: Focusing on one thing at a time • Crocodile Patience: The Power of Waiting for the Right Moment • Human sustainability: small efforts can create big changes • Lion’s cooperation: Together we can achieve greater goals Reading the world with your teeth Nature constantly speaks to us. Among them, the teeth of animals convey a special message. More than just a tool for catching prey, teeth contain each animal’s survival strategy. Surprisingly, these strategies contain wisdom that can be applied to our daily lives. Let’s explore the secrets of life hidden in the teeth of animals together. Orca: The Master of Focus The power of a killer whale's teeth is 19,000 PSI. That's more than seven times the power of 2,500 PSI, which can crush a car. The secret to this incredible power is 'concentration.' When orcas hunt, they pour all their energy into one spot. They contract all their muscles at once to create tremendous power. This teaches us an important lesson in life. If you try to do several things at once, it is difficult to do any of them properly. However, if you focus completely on one thing, you can produce amazing results like orcas. Pick one important task each day, and when you do it, put everything else aside and focus on it completely. Put your phone on silent mode, turn off email notifications. If you imitate the concentration of the killer whale, you will be amazed at what you can do. Crocodile: The epitome of patience The bite force of an alligator's teeth is 5,000 PSI, which may seem weak compared to that of an orca. However, the real strength of an alligator lies in something else: patience. Crocodiles spend most of their time quietly waiting in the water when hunting. Sometimes they wait patiently for hours or even days, and then they quickly attack at the right moment. This is an important virtue in our lives as well. Not everything has an immediate result. Sometimes we need time to prepare and wait quietly. Let's set a long-term goal and plan small steps to achieve that goal. It is important to practice the plan a little bit every day and develop patience. Even if you don't see immediate results, don't give up. If you wait patiently like a crocodile, an opportunity will surely come. Human: The Power of Persistence The strength of human teeth is only 160 PSI. Compared to killer whales or crocodiles, it is a very small amount. However, humans have dominated the world with this small strength. The secret lies in 'continuity'. Humans have used their small power steadily and continuously. They have made tools, handled fire, farmed, and developed civilization. This shows how small efforts can accumulate to create big changes. You should not ignore your own small talents or skills. It is important to polish and develop them little by little every day. If you grow just 1% a day, you can grow 37 times in a year. Over time, those small efforts will lead to big changes. Lion: The Aesthetics of Cooperation The teeth of an individual lion are not that strong. However, lions hunt in groups. When several lions join forces, they can catch much larger prey. This shows the power of 'cooperation'. The same is true in our lives. Things that are difficult to accomplish alone become possible when many people join forces. We must remember that sometimes cooperation can produce greater results than competition. It's a good idea to look for opportunities to collaborate with people around you. Start a joint project or participate in community service. Working together will give you new ideas and strength.

Summation: • Decide on valuable habits • Form one habit at a time • Quit all bad habits at once • Set your goals very low • Track your progress • Dealing with setbacks • Embracing a new lifestyle Text: Deciding on a valuable habit Darius Foroux recommends that the first step in habit formation is to ask yourself the question, **"Will this habit improve the quality of my life?"** Not all habits have a positive impact on our lives, so we need to choose habits that truly align with our goals and values. Foroux gives the following as examples of valuable habits: Work out Set daily priorities Reading 7-8 hours of sleep Gratitude practice Meditation Money Management Writing Form one habit at a time The book suggests focusing on one habit in each area of your life (career, health, learning, finances, relationships), because trying to change too many things at once can lead to failure. For example, it is better to set specific, actionable goals, such as walking 30 minutes a day for health or reading 10 pages a day for learning. Break all your bad habits at once Foroux argues that the most effective way to break all your bad habits at once is to keep one bad habit, because it’s easy to fall back into another bad habit. For example, if you’re trying to quit drinking alcohol but at the same time continue to eat unhealthy foods, you might end up thinking, “This burger goes well with beer.” Bad habits to break, according to Foroux: Strain Worry

In modern society, time is one of the most precious resources. We all have the same 24 hours in a day, but some people seem to use that time much more efficiently. What’s their secret? It’s because they’ve mastered effective time management techniques. Today, we’ll take a closer look at six proven time management methods that can help you maximize your productivity and enrich your daily life. Dealing with the hardest tasks first This method of tackling the most difficult or important tasks first when starting your day is inspired by a quote from American author Mark Twain. His advice to eat the biggest “frog” in the morning means to not procrastinate on the most difficult tasks but to tackle them immediately. The key to this technique is to utilize the time of day when our willpower and focus are at their highest. Usually, our minds are clearest and most energetic in the morning. By tackling the most difficult tasks at this time, you can feel a great sense of accomplishment and liberation for the rest of the day. This method is especially effective in combating procrastination. If you keep putting off difficult tasks, you will become stressed and eventually the quality of your work will suffer. On the other hand, if you tackle the most difficult tasks first, you will reduce the psychological burden and be able to focus more on the rest of your work. Practical tips: Set your most important tasks for the next day the night before. Start doing that as soon as you wake up in the morning. Break down big tasks into smaller steps. Pomodoro Technique Developed by Francesco Cirillo of Italy, this technique involves 25 minutes of focused work followed by 5 minutes of rest. After repeating this cycle four times, a longer break of 15-30 minutes is taken. The power of the Pomodoro Technique lies in its ability to take advantage of our brain’s natural attention cycle. Twenty-five minutes is the right amount of time for most people to maintain focus, and regular short breaks help recharge the brain and maintain long-term productivity. This method is especially useful for people who are easily distracted. Since you are focusing on one thing for a set period of time, you can effectively block out other distractions. Also, you can break down a large project into smaller parts, which can reduce the feeling of being overwhelmed. Practical tips: Use a timer to keep track of exactly 25 minutes of work and 5 minutes of rest. During your breaks, do activities that are completely separate from work (stretching, drinking water, etc.). Track your productivity by recording the number of Pomodoros you perform each day. Eisenhower Matrix Named after U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, this technique categorizes all tasks into two axes: “important” and “urgent.” This creates four categories: Important and urgent matters: take care of them immediately

The painting consists of three panels and satirizes people's attitudes toward change. In the first panel, when the person standing on the podium asks, “Who wants change?”, all the audience members raise their hands enthusiastically and say they want change. This shows that people feel that change is necessary. In the second panel, when asked “Who wants to change?” most people put their hands down and bow their heads. This shows the reality that people think change is necessary, but are reluctant to change themselves. In the third panel, when asked, “Who wants to lead the change?” everyone turns their heads to look at someone else and no one raises their hand. This shows reluctance to take on a role in leading the change. This picture satirizes the reality that many people want change, but are hesitant to actually lead the change or to change themselves. It shows that although people want change, it is not easy to put it into practice or lead it. There are many reasons why people are reluctant to lead change. Understanding these reasons can go a long way toward creating an environment where organizations can effectively manage and lead change. One of the main reasons people are reluctant to change is the fear of failure . Leading change involves uncertainty and risk, which can lead to failure, and many people are afraid of taking responsibility for negative outcomes. Also, people prefer the comfort of the status quo . Change disrupts their daily routines and comfortable environments, and this discomfort makes them reluctant to change. Lack of confidence is also a big reason. Some people may doubt their ability to effectively lead and manage change, and may feel that they lack the necessary skills or experience. In addition, change has the potential for conflict . People are hesitant because they are concerned that it may create conflicts with colleagues, stakeholders, or within the team. Leading change often means increasing your workload . This can be even more difficult if your current job is already overwhelming. Taking on additional tasks and responsibilities can be overwhelming. Additionally, anticipating resistance from others can make you hesitant to initiate change. You may worry about pushback and opposition from your colleagues or superiors, and the criticism and resistance you may encounter as you lead change can be a huge source of stress. Leaders who lead change may feel unpopular when implementing change . This can make the leader unpopular because it requires making people uncomfortable or breaking away from the old ways. Insufficient support is also a big problem. Without support from senior management or the necessary resources, individuals may feel isolated and unable to make effective changes. Finally, past experiences of failed change attempts can make people reluctant to try again. Previous negative experiences can leave people feeling frustrated, which can make them hesitant to try new things. Understanding these reasons is critical to creating an environment in which organizations can drive change and to laying the foundation for managing change effectively.

Louis Pereira is a part-time indie hacker who runs an offline family business during the day and works on various projects on the internet at night. In March 2023, he was experimenting with the latest AI technologies and created four small products in just one week. Of these, AudioPen, a service that converts voice notes to text, was the most popular, and Louis saw the potential in this product and decided to focus on its development. During the product development process, Louis used the power of no-code tools. He completed the product design for free using Figma, and used Bubble.io, which costs $30 per month, to do the actual development. For Louis, who had no coding skills, no-code tools were the perfect choice. After about 12 hours of intensive development, he was able to complete the MVP (Minimum Viable Product) of AudioPen. To implement the core function of AudioPen, which is the text conversion of voice notes, Louis used OpenAI's Whisper API. Since speech recognition and conversion technology are difficult to implement with no-code tools, he solved this problem through API. Although there was a cost burden for using the API, it was a core function that was essential to AudioPen, so he was willing to pay this cost. Meanwhile, AudioPen’s launch coincided with a unique hackathon event called “Half Day Build,” where the goal was to turn an idea into a real product within 12 hours. Louis participated in the event and shared his product development process live on Twitter, which helped him attract early adopters and paying customers. AudioPen has been consistently profitable since its launch, and as an individual developer, Louis keeps operating costs to a minimum and sticks to a word-of-mouth marketing strategy. The only major expense is the cost of the AI API, which is essential for voice-to-text conversion, but Louis is willing to accept this cost as it is directly related to AudioPen’s core values. One of Louis’ main strategies is to use Loops, an email marketing tool, to communicate with users. While he didn’t think email updates would be very effective in the early days of the product, he has been consistently sending thoughtful update emails to build a personal connection with his users. Through all this, Louis has learned that it is important to be nimble and listen to the voice of the customer rather than being obsessed with ideas. His know-how is to constantly try out ideas until they are validated in the market, and then focus on the ones that are well-received. Thanks to Louis’ smart choice of no-code tools and his quick execution through APIs, AudioPen has now become a successful service with $15,000 in monthly revenue. Louis’s case proves that even without coding expertise, you can quickly create a prototype by appropriately utilizing no-code tools and APIs, and continuously improve it based on customer feedback to create a compelling product.

The project management success plan is a comprehensive guide that helps you manage the entire process from project initiation to completion systematically and efficiently. This plan is largely composed of the following areas: project initiation, risk management, cost management, communication, WBS management, project planning, execution, tracking, timeline management, and quality management. Project Start Business Case: State the need for the project and its expected benefits. Acceptance Criteria: Defining success criteria for project deliverables Project Proposal: Describe the project in detail, including its outline, objectives, scope, schedule, and budget. Project Charter: A document that formalizes project goals, responsibilities, and authorities. Feasibility Study: Analyzing the Project's Feasibility and Effectiveness Initial project risk assessment: Identify potential risk factors and develop response strategies Risk Management Incident Prioritization: Prioritize incidents based on their severity and likelihood of occurrence. Cause/Effect Diagram: Visually analyze the causes and effects of risk factors Issue Resolution Process: A systematic process for identifying, analyzing, and resolving issues that arise. Risk Identification: Identify potential risk factors throughout the project. Risk Register: Documentation of details about identified risk factors and response strategies. Risk Management Plan: Establishing strategies and approaches to manage risk factors Project Cost Management Cost-Benefit Analysis: Analysis of expected benefits compared to project costs Earned Value Template: Template for Calculating Expected Value for Project Investments Project Budget Template: Template for creating a budget for each project cost item. Cost Estimation: A reasonable estimate of the overall project and individual activity costs.