Amid the rise of large-scale, multimodal AI models and growing mainstream interest in AGI, this paper examines the risks of pursuing generality and advocates for specialization by highlighting the industrial value of specialized systems. It consists of three main points. First, it examines common objections to specialization and discusses the differences between human labor and non-human agents (algorithms or human organizations). Second, it presents four arguments in favor of specialization, including those related to the robustness of machine learning, computer security, social science, and cultural evolution. Third, it argues for the need for specification, noting that machine learning approaches have not kept pace with safety engineering and formal verification practices in software. It discusses new machine learning practices that can help bridge this gap, and justifies the need for specific governance, particularly for systems that are difficult to specify.