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ECHO: Frequency-aware Hierarchical Encoding for Variable-length Signal

Created by
  • Haebom

Author

Yucong Zhang, Juan Liu, Ming Li

Outline

To overcome the limitations of existing subband-based encoders (fixed input length and lack of explicit frequency-position encoding), this paper proposes a novel baseline model, ECHO, which integrates an advanced band-segmentation architecture with relative frequency-position embedding. ECHO supports arbitrary-length inputs without padding or segmentation and generates concise embeddings that preserve temporal and spectral fidelity. We experimentally demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on anomaly detection and fault identification using the large-scale benchmark SIREN, which incorporates diverse datasets (including all DCASE task 2 challenges (2020-2025) and widely used industrial signal corpora). ECHO is available as open source.

Takeaways, Limitations

Takeaways:
A new basic model for processing machine signal inputs of arbitrary length is presented.
Accurate spectral localization via relative frequency position embedding.
Achieving state-of-the-art performance in anomaly detection and defect identification tasks.
Verification of generalization performance for various industrial sensor data.
Improving accessibility through open model and code disclosure.
Limitations:
The performance comparison of the proposed model is limited to the SIREN benchmark, and its generalization performance on other benchmark datasets requires further verification.
The information available to date does not provide a detailed analysis of the model's computational complexity and memory efficiency.
Further research is needed on its universality for various types of industrial signal data.
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