Daily Arxiv

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Emotions as Ambiguity-aware Ordinal Representations

From Tabula Rasa to Emergent Abilities: Discovering Robot Skills via Real-World Unsupervised Quality-Diversity

Enhancing Model Privacy in Federated Learning with Random Masking and Quantization

Scaling Laws for Task-Stratified Knowledge in Post-Training Quantized Large Language Models

Principled Detection of Hallucinations in Large Language Models via Multiple Testing

Vocoder-Projected Feature Discriminator

ControlEchoSynth: Boosting Ejection Fraction Estimation Models via Controlled Video Diffusion

Explain Before You Answer: A Survey on Compositional Visual Reasoning

Time-Aware One Step Diffusion Network for Real-World Image Super-Resolution

PediatricsMQA: a Multi-modal Pediatrics Question Answering Benchmark

VideoEraser: Concept Erasure in Text-to-Video Diffusion Models

A Systematic Survey of Model Extraction Attacks and Defenses: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives

GeoSAM2: Unleashing the Power of SAM2 for 3D Part Segmentation

Input-Time Scaling

LinguaSafe: A Comprehensive Multilingual Safety Benchmark for Large Language Models

A Survey on Parallel Text Generation: From Parallel Decoding to Diffusion Language Models

StreetViewAI: Making Street View Accessible Using Context-Aware Multimodal AI

Putnam-AXIOM: A Functional and Static Benchmark for Measuring Higher Level Mathematical Reasoning in LLMs

From Imitation to Optimization: A Comparative Study of Offline Learning for Autonomous Driving

R-Zero: Self-Evolving Reasoning LLM from Zero Data

Human-Centered Human-AI Interaction (HC-HAII): A Human-Centered AI Perspective

GTPO: Trajectory-Based Policy Optimization in Large Language Models

Contrastive Multi-Task Learning with Solvent-Aware Augmentation for Drug Discovery

A Large-Scale Benchmark of Cross-Modal Learning for Histology and Gene Expression in Spatial Transcriptomics

Invisible Architectures of Thought: Toward a New Science of AI as Cognitive Infrastructure

Revisiting Pre-trained Language Models for Vulnerability Detection

MegaScience: Pushing the Frontiers of Post-Training Datasets for Science Reasoning

Scaling Decentralized Learning with FLock

SegQuant: A Semantics-Aware and Generalizable Quantization Framework for Diffusion Models

Apple Intelligence Foundation Language Models: Tech Report 2025

Optimistic Exploration for Risk-Averse Constrained Reinforcement Learning

PyVision: Agentic Vision with Dynamic Tooling

DATABench: Evaluating Dataset Auditing in Deep Learning from an Adversarial Perspective

RoboTwin 2.0: A Scalable Data Generator and Benchmark with Strong Domain Randomization for Robust Bimanual Robotic Manipulation

Analyzing Character Representation in Media Content using Multimodal Foundation Model: Effectiveness and Trust

MEraser: An Effective Fingerprint Erasure Approach for Large Language Models

CoQuIR: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Code Quality-Aware Information Retrieval

DreamActor-H1: High-Fidelity Human-Product Demonstration Video Generation via Motion-designed Diffusion Transformers

Pseudo-Simulation for Autonomous Driving

BinConv: A Neural Architecture for Ordinal Encoding in Time-Series Forecasting

FaceEditTalker: Controllable Talking Head Generation with Facial Attribute Editing

EnvInjection: Environmental Prompt Injection Attack to Multi-modal Web Agents

X-Sim: Cross-Embodiment Learning via Real-to-Sim-to-Real

Heat Diffusion Models -- Interpixel Attention Mechanism

Bidirectional Task-Motion Planning Based on Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Strategic Confrontation

Multi-Type Context-Aware Conversational Recommender Systems via Mixture-of-Experts

Pricing AI Model Accuracy

Evaluating the Fitness of Ontologies for the Task of Question Generation

Utility-Focused LLM Annotation for Retrieval and Retrieval-Augmented Generation

PGAD: Prototype-Guided Adaptive Distillation for Multi-Modal Learning in AD Diagnosis

Constructing a Norm for Children's Scientific Drawing: Distribution Features Based on Semantic Similarity of Large Language Models

An Empirical Risk Minimization Approach for Offline Inverse RL and Dynamic Discrete Choice Model

Efficient PINNs via Multi-Head Unimodular Regularization of the Solutions Space

Statistical learning does not always entail knowledge

Score-based Generative Diffusion Models for Social Recommendations

PromptKeeper: Safeguarding System Prompts for LLMs

X-Prompt: Towards Universal In-Context Image Generation in Auto-Regressive Vision Language Foundation Models

Understanding Fairness-Accuracy Trade-offs in Machine Learning Models: Does Promoting Fairness Undermine Performance?

GSM-Symbolic: Understanding the Limitations of Mathematical Reasoning in Large Language Models

Leveraging Multi-facet Paths for Heterogeneous Graph Representation Learning

Training with Explanations Alone: A New Paradigm to Prevent Shortcut Learning

Generation of Geodesics with Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning to Predict Midpoints

TabSketchFM: Sketch-based Tabular Representation Learning for Data Discovery over Data Lakes

HoneyBee: A Scalable Modular Framework for Creating Multimodal Oncology Datasets with Foundational Embedding Models

StepWiser: Stepwise Generative Judges for Wiser Reasoning

AniME: Adaptive Multi-Agent Planning for Long Animation Generation

AppAgent-Pro: A Proactive GUI Agent System for Multidomain Information Integration and User Assistance

AI Chaperones Are (Really) All You Need to Prevent Parasocial Relationships with Chatbots

Nemori: Self-Organizing Agent Memory Inspired by Cognitive Science

General agents contain world models

Approximate Lifted Model Construction

Fitness Landscape of Large Language Model-Assisted Automated Algorithm Search

Synthesizing High-Quality Programming Tasks with LLM-based Expert and Student Agents

Preference Elicitation for Multi-objective Combinatorial Optimization with Active Learning and Maximum Likelihood Estimation

Reference-Aligned Retrieval-Augmented Question Answering over Heterogeneous Proprietary Documents

Demonstrating specifications in gaming reasoning models

AirRAG: Autonomous Strategic Planning and Reasoning Steer Retrieval Augmented Generation

Think Smart, Act SMARL! Analyzing Probabilistic Logic Shields for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

From Evidence to Decision: Exploring Evaluative AI

CODA: Coordinating the Cerebrum and Cerebellum for a Dual-Brain Computer Use Agent with Decoupled Reinforcement Learning

Discrete-Guided Diffusion for Scalable and Safe Multi-Robot Motion Planning

Patch Progression Masked Autoencoder with Fusion CNN Network for Classifying Evolution Between Two Pairs of 2D OCT Slices

DeepScholar-Bench: A Live Benchmark and Automated Evaluation for Generative Research Synthesis

Large Language Models (LLMs) for Electronic Design Automation (EDA)

Symphony: A Decentralized Multi-Agent Framework for Scalable Collective Intelligence

HPC Digital Twins for Evaluating Scheduling Policies, Incentive Structures and their Impact on Power and Cooling

Decomposing Behavioral Phase Transitions in LLMs: Order Parameters for Emergent Misalignment

Cross-Platform E-Commerce Product Categorization and Recategorization: A Multimodal Hierarchical Classification Approach

Linear-Time Demonstration Selection for In-Context Learning via Gradient Estimation

MathBuddy: A Multimodal System for Affective Math Tutoring

Diffusion Language Models Know the Answer Before Decoding

GLSim: Detecting Object Hallucinations in LVLMs via Global-Local Similarity

Dhati+: Fine-tuned Large Language Models for Arabic Subjectivity Evaluation

WaveHiT-SR: Hierarchical Wavelet Network for Efficient Image Super-Resolution

The Next Layer: Augmenting Foundation Models with Structure-Preserving and Attention-Guided Learning for Local Patches to Global Context Awareness in Computational Pathology

Logical Reasoning with Outcome Reward Models for Test-Time Scaling

The Information Dynamics of Generative Diffusion

AI-Powered Detection of Inappropriate Language in Medical School Curricula

Generative AI for Testing of Autonomous Driving Systems: A Survey

Multispectral LiDAR data for extracting tree points in urban and suburban areas

AI-Powered Detection of Inappropriate Language in Medical School Curricula

Created by

Haebom

Author

Chiman Salavati, Shannon Song, Scott A. Hale, Roberto E. Montenegro, Shiri Dori-Hacohen, Fabricio Murai

Outline

This paper evaluates the performance of a small language model (SLM) and a pre-trained large language model (LLM) for automatically identifying inappropriate language (IUL) in medical education materials. Using a dataset of approximately 500 documents (over 12,000 pages), we compared various SLM models, including an IUL general classifier, a subcategory-specific binary classifier, a multi-label classifier, and a hierarchical pipeline, as well as an LLM (Llama-3 8B and 70B) with several prompt variations. The results showed that the SLM significantly outperformed the LLM using carefully constructed shots, and in particular, the subcategory-specific binary classifier, trained on negative examples in sections devoid of inappropriate language, performed best.

Takeaways, Limitations

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Takeaways:

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We show that SLM is more effective than LLM in automatically identifying inappropriate language use in medical education materials.

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In particular, a subcategory binary classifier trained using speech examples without inappropriate language use showed high performance.

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Suggesting the possibility of contributing to improving the quality and eliminating bias in medical education materials through an SLM-based automated system.

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Limitations:

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The size of the dataset used in the study may be relatively small.

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It is possible that we did not cover all types of inappropriate language use.

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Further research and validation are needed for application to actual medical education settings.

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Lack of in-depth analysis of the causes of LLM performance degradation.

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