This paper provides an overview of approaches to modeling human psychology from the perspective of building artificial minds. It presents the concept of a cognitive architecture that views psychology as the operating system of a living or artificial being. This architecture encompasses a need space that determines the meaning of life in relation to external stimuli, and intelligence as a decision-making system for interacting with the world to satisfy these needs. Based on this concept, we propose a computational formalization for generating artificial intelligence systems through experiential learning in need spaces, considering biological or existential significance for intelligent agents. Therefore, we formulate the problem of building general-purpose artificial intelligence as a system that makes optimal decisions within an agent-specific need space under conditions of uncertainty, with the goals of maximizing the success rate of goal achievement, minimizing existential risk, and maximizing energy efficiency. A minimal experimental implementation of the model is also provided.