This paper analyzes the impact of AI systems on domain-specific autonomy (the ability to act autonomously within a specific domain of skills or expertise) in situations where AI systems support human decision-making in professional, technical, and personal domains. In particular, we focus on two key elements of domain-specific autonomy: skilled competence (the ability to make informed judgments within a given domain) and true value formation (the ability to form true values and preferences related to a domain). Through empirical case studies in healthcare, finance, and education, we demonstrate that the absence of reliable error indicators and the potential for unconscious value changes can erode domain-specific autonomy in the short and long term. Furthermore, we present a compositional framework for AI-assisted systems that preserve autonomy, and provide concrete guidance for developing AI systems that enhance rather than diminish human agency within specialized domains of action through sociotechnical design patterns such as role specification, implementation of override mechanisms, and support for reflective practice.