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Parking Availability Prediction via Fusing Multi-Source Data with A Self-Supervised Learning Enhanced Spatio-Temporal Inverted Transformer

Created by
  • Haebom

Author

Yin Huang, Yongqi Dong, Youhua Tang, Li Li

Outline

This paper proposes SST-iTransformer, a novel methodology for predicting parking availability by integrating demand characteristics of various transportation modes (subway, bus, online taxi-hailing, and regular taxis) to address urban parking challenges. We use K-means clustering to define parking cluster zones (PCZs) and improve upon the existing iTransformer by introducing a dual-branch attention mechanism that incorporates mask-reconstruction-based self-supervised learning, series attention to capture time-series dependencies, and channel attention to model interactions between variables. Experimental results using real-world data from Chengdu, China, demonstrate that SST-iTransformer outperforms existing deep learning models (Informer, Autoformer, Crossformer, and iTransformer), achieving the lowest MSE and competitive MAE. Furthermore, we quantitatively analyze the relative importance of various data sources, demonstrating that taxi-hailing data yields the greatest performance improvement and confirming the importance of modeling spatial dependencies.

Takeaways, Limitations

Takeaways:
We demonstrate that integrating data from various transportation modes can improve the accuracy of parking availability predictions.
SST-iTransformer outperforms existing models.
It revealed that taxi call data is the most important factor in predicting parking availability.
Emphasizes that considering spatial dependence is important for prediction performance.
Demonstrating the effectiveness of a spatio-temporal representation learning technique based on self-supervised learning.
Limitations:
This study is based only on data from Chengdu, China, and further verification of generalizability is needed.
Lack of analysis of performance changes when applied to data from other cities or countries.
Given the relatively low contribution of specific transportation data (bus/subway), improved data collection and utilization strategies may be needed.
Consideration is needed on the complexity and computational cost of the model.
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