This paper proposes a novel Multi-Strategy Improved Snake Optimizer (MISO) to improve the slow convergence speed and easy local optimum of the existing Snake Optimizer (SO) algorithm. MISO introduces an adaptive random perturbation strategy based on a sine function, an adaptive Levy flight strategy based on a size coefficient and a leader, and a position update strategy combining elite leadership and Brownian motion to escape from local optimum and improve the convergence speed. Experimental results on the CEC2017 and CEC2022 test functions, six engineering design problems, and the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) 3D path planning problem demonstrate that MISO outperforms existing algorithms.