This paper introduces AIDev, a large-scale dataset that captures the real-world operation of AI-based autonomous coding agents. It contains over 456,000 pull requests (PRs) generated by 47,000 developers across 61,000 repositories by five major agents: OpenAI Codex, Devin, GitHub Copilot, Cursor, and Claude Code. Unlike previous theoretical studies, AIDev provides structured open data for benchmarking, readiness, optimization, collaborative modeling, and AI governance research of autonomous agents. The dataset contains rich metadata about PRs, authors, review periods, code changes, and integration results, and provides insights such as the tendency for agents to be fast but have low PR adoption rates and low code complexity. AIDev is expected to contribute to the study of AI-based software engineering workflows and the advancement of human-AI collaboration as a scalable, analyzable, and vivid resource for the SE and AI communities.