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Science
Effects of exercise interventions on cognitive functions in healthy populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Shane
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SUMMARY:
Long-term anabolic-androgenic steroid users may experience significant cognitive deficits, particularly in visuospatial memory, correlated with total AAS dosage.
KEY FINDINGS:
1.
Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) enhance muscle mass but may cause cognitive deficits.
2.
Long-term AAS users showed impaired visuospatial memory compared to nonusers.
3.
Cognitive tests indicated no deficits in reaction time and verbal memory for AAS users.
4.
AAS use correlates significantly with poorer performance on Pattern Recognition Memory.
5.
Lifetime AAS dose negatively affects visuospatial memory performance in users.
6.
Study involved 31 male AAS users and 13 non-users, ages 29-55.
7.
No significant differences found between groups on sustained attention tests.
8.
Cognitive impairments raise concerns about long-term health risks of AAS usage.
9.
Prior studies indicated potential neurotoxicity in neuronal cells due to AAS exposure.
10.
Future research should focus on AAS impact on brain regions linked to memory.
CONCLUSION:
1.
Long-term AAS exposure may be detrimental to cognitive function.
2.
Significant declines in visuospatial memory associated with higher AAS dosages.
3.
Preliminary findings suggest a potential public health concern.
4.
Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore underlying mechanisms.
Reference
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Carbohydrate-insulin model: does the conventional view of obesity reverse cause and effect?
SUMMARY: Conventional obesity treatments often fail due to biological responses; a carbohydrate-insulin model suggests alternative dietary strategies for effective weight management. KEY FINDINGS: Conventional obesity treatment relies on calorie restriction and increased physical activity. Long-term weight loss success is rare with traditional methods. Calorie restriction triggers biological responses that hinder weight loss. The carbohydrate-insulin model suggests high carbs lead to fat storage. Increased insulin levels promote hunger and reduce metabolic rate. Energy partitioning shifts towards fat storage with high carbohydrate intake. Common obesity forms result from gradual weight gain through this mechanism. Low-fat diets may not address the root causes of obesity. Lowering insulin secretion could enhance weight management effectiveness. The article is part of a broader discussion on obesity causes. CONCLUSION: Traditional weight loss methods often fail due to biological counter-responses. A high-carbohydrate diet can lead to increased fat storage. Understanding insulin's role is crucial for effective weight management. Alternative dietary strategies may improve long-term obesity outcomes. Addressing underlying causes of obesity is essential for sustainable health. KEYWORDS: obesity, weight loss, insulin, carbohydrates, dietary strategies, metabolism, health, energy balance, chronic disease, nutrition
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Does the Wim Hof Method have a beneficial impact on physiological and psychological outcomes in healthy and non-healthy participants?
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Does Physical Exercise Modify the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease in Older Persons?
SUMMARY: Physical exercise shows limited effects on Alzheimer's biomarkers, but specific populations may benefit from targeted interventions. KEY FINDINGS: Exercise benefits on brain health are widely recognized but mechanisms are still debated. Study focused on exercise's impact on Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. Selected biomarkers included beta-amyloid, tau, neurofilament light chain, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. No strong evidence of significant exercise effects on biomarkers in the general population. Women with obesity, pre-diabetes, or depression showed favorable changes in beta-amyloid levels. Cerebrospinal fluid beta-amyloid improvements noted in Alzheimer's allele carriers. Current evidence suggests exercise does not alter Alzheimer's pathophysiology for most older adults. Specific populations may experience positive effects from exercise interventions. Future research should include larger samples and long-term follow-ups. Other factors like diet and sedentary behavior need consideration in future studies. CONCLUSION: Exercise has limited overall impact on Alzheimer's biomarkers in older adults. Targeted exercise interventions may benefit specific populations. Further research is essential for conclusive evidence. Consideration of lifestyle factors is crucial for understanding exercise effects. Continued exploration of exercise's role in cognitive health is needed. KEYWORDS: brain health, Alzheimer's disease, exercise intervention, biomarkers, cognitive conditions, beta-amyloid, neurofilament, cerebrospinal fluid, older adults, metabolic disorders