This paper proposes an approach to automatically discover subject, action, object, and adverb dimensions in text to efficiently process natural language text and support queries. A high-quality tree structure represents all subject, action, object, adverb, and subclass relations in the text. The independence of the tree ensures that there is no redundant representation among the trees, and the expressive power of the tree ensures that most sentences can be accessed from each tree, and the remaining sentences can be accessed from at least one tree, which enables the tree-based retrieval mechanism to support natural language queries. Experimental results show that the average precision, recall, and F1 score of the abstract tree constructed by the subclass relations of subject, action, object, and adverb all exceed 80%. The results of applying the proposed approach to support natural language queries show that various types of question patterns for subject or object queries cover a wide range of texts, and searching multiple trees for subject, action, object, and adverb according to the question pattern can quickly reduce the search space for finding target sentences, thereby supporting precise operations on the text.