This paper introduces LanternNet, an autonomous robotic system developed for the effective control of the spotted lanternfly (SLF), an invasive species. LanternNet is a hub-and-spoke system consisting of a central hub and three specialized robots. Using a YOLOv8-based computer vision model, LanternNet accurately identifies SLF and performs tasks such as pest removal, environmental monitoring, and navigation/mapping. A five-week field experiment demonstrated that LanternNet significantly reduced SLF populations (p < 0.01, paired t-tests) and improved tree health compared to conventional control methods. It is economically efficient and highly scalable, and it demonstrates potential for application to other invasive species.