This paper presents a hierarchical concept map-based framework to address the challenges of generating high-quality multiple-choice questions (MCQs) that target diverse cognitive levels and contain common misconceptions. Targeting high school physics students, we develop a hierarchical concept map that encompasses key physics topics and their interconnections. This concept map is then provided as a structured context for LLMs to generate MCQs and incorrect answers that specifically address misconceptions. An automated validation process ensures the quality of the generated MCQs, and we compare the results with existing LLM-based and RAG-based methods. Expert and student evaluations demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a significantly high success rate (75.20%) and a low guess success rate (28.05%), enabling robust assessment and identification of conceptual gaps across cognitive levels.