This paper presents MorphAgent, a novel autonomous, self-organizing, and self-adaptive multi-agent system that overcomes the limitations of existing large-scale language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems (MAS) that rely on centralized coordination and predefined roles. MorphAgent allows agents to dynamically evolve their roles and functions. It utilizes self-evolving agent profiles optimized across three key metrics to enhance individual expertise while maintaining complementary team dynamics. Through a two-step process—a profile update phase and a task execution phase—agents continuously adapt their roles based on task feedback. Experimental results demonstrate that MorphAgent outperforms existing frameworks in both task performance and adaptability to changing requirements.